Syllabus
Mechanical Equilibrium and Mechanical equilibrium lab
Newton’s first law of motion: Inertia, mass and weight
Calculating the net force
Newton’s 2nd law of motion
Free body diagrams
Newton’s third law of motion
The normal-force: objects-really-never-touch
From Aristotle to Galileo: Discovering the laws of motion
Friction forces and the coefficient of friction (μ)
Torque (may be covered in the unit on rotational motion)
Labs
Friction lab
Mechanical equilibrium lab
3 stage rockets – human powered in the gym or hall
Applications of Newton’s laws/forces
Flight and How Do Airplanes Fly? Using Newton’s laws
Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
Hovercraft build project
Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
Engineering: Using the study of forces to build things
Extreme Engineering
Football Physics: The Forces Behind Those Big Hits
The Big Dig in Boston, Massachusetts
Videos
Newton’s laws animated video: By Eugene Khutoryansky
Learning Standards
2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework
HS-PS2-1. Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion is a mathematical model describing change in motion (the acceleration) of objects when acted on by a net force.
HS-PS2-10(MA). Use free-body force diagrams, algebraic expressions, and Newton’s laws of motion to predict changes to velocity and acceleration for an object moving in one dimension in various situations
Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework
The roots of Western civilization: Ancient Greece, C. 800-300 BCE.
7.34 Describe the purposes and functions of development of Greek institutions such as the lyceum, the gymnasium, and the Library of Alexandria, and identify the major accomplishments of the ancient Greeks.
WHI.33 Summarize how the Scientific Revolution and the scientific method led to new theories of the universe and describe the accomplishments of leading figures of the Scientific Revolution, including Bacon, Copernicus, Descartes, Galileo, Kepler, and
Newton.
A FRAMEWORK FOR K-12 SCIENCE EDUCATION: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas
PS2.A: FORCES AND MOTION
How can one predict an object’s continued motion, changes in motion, or stability?
Interactions of an object with another object can be explained and predicted using the concept of forces, which can cause a change in motion of one or both of the interacting objects… At the macroscale, the motion of an object subject to forces is governed by Newton’s second law of motion… An understanding of the forces between objects is important for describing how their motions change, as well as for predicting stability or instability in systems at any scale.
New York Physics: The Physical Setting Core Curriculum
Key Idea 5: Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
5.1 Explain and predict different patterns of motion of objects (e.g., linear and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration, momentum and inertia)
5.1i According to Newton’s First Law, the inertia of an object is directly proportional to its mass. An object remains at rest or moves with constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
Appendix D: AP Physics Enduring Understandings
Enduring Understanding 1C: Objects and systems have properties of inertial mass and gravitational mass that are experimentally verified to be the same. Inertial mass is the property of an object or a system that determines how its motion changes when it interacts with other objects or systems.
Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework (2006)
1. Motion and Forces. Central Concept: Newton’s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of most objects.
1.4 Interpret and apply Newton’s three laws of motion.
1.5 Use a free-body force diagram to show forces acting on a system consisting of a pair of interacting objects. For a diagram with only co-linear forces, determine the net force acting on a system and between the objects.
1.6 Distinguish qualitatively between static and kinetic friction, and describe their effects on the motion of objects.
Common Core Math
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.EE.B.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities.
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.EE.C.7 Solve linear equations in one variable
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.HSA.SSE.B.3 Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. (including isolating a variable)
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.HSA.CED.A.4 Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. For example, rearrange Ohm’s law V = IR to highlight resistance R.
- http://www.corestandards.org/Math/
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